Course Description
This lecture addresses general atmospheric circulation and modes of variability. The foundation for understanding atmospheric circulation lies in fluid dynamics applied to the atmosphere. Accordingly, the course begins with an introduction to the dynamical and thermodynamical equations required to understand atmospheric dynamics.
These equations are then simplified to develop an understanding of midlatitude dynamics. In this context, the quasi-geostrophic equations provide a first framework for understanding how waves develop and grow. The budgets of angular momentum and energy offer insight into why meridional overturning cells form in the atmosphere and why midlatitude waves play a crucial role in transporting energy from the equator to the poles.
Finally, a statistical description of atmospheric phenomena provides an alternative perspective on atmospheric circulation. In this context, modes of variability such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation are introduced.
